The Healing Power of Lemongrass: A Comprehensive Guide to its Medicinal Benefits

Introduction

For centuries, people have cherished lemongrass, a remarkable plant scientifically known as Cymbopogon citratus, for its culinary and medicinal uses. Native to tropical regions, this fragrant herb delights culinary creations with its flavor and impresses with its array of medicinal properties, earning its place in various dishes and beyond.

Understanding Lemongrass

Lemongrass is a tall, slender plant with long, narrow leaves and a distinctive lemony scent and flavor. A staple ingredient in many Asian cuisines, lemongrass finds fame in teas, curries, and soups, earning its widespread recognition. However, its medicinal properties have brought it to the forefront of natural remedies.

How to Grow and Care for Lemongrass

Growing and caring for lemongrass is relatively easy, and it can be a rewarding addition to your garden or even in a pot on your balcony. Lemongrass is a tropical plant, so it thrives in warm, sunny conditions. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to grow and care for lemongrass:

1. Choose the Right Location:

• Lemongrass thrives in full sun, so select a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight each day.

2. Planting Lemongrass:

• You can grow lemongrass from seeds, cuttings, or divisions. The easiest method for beginners is using cuttings or divisions.
• Plant lemongrass in well-draining soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.5.
• Dig a hole that’s about twice the size of the root ball of the lemongrass plant you’re transplanting.
• Place the lemongrass plant in the hole, covering the roots with soil, and water it thoroughly.

3. Watering:

• Lemongrass prefers consistently moist soil. Water it regularly, especially during hot and dry periods.
• Water deeply to encourage the development of a strong root system. However, make sure the soil doesn’t become waterlogged, as lemongrass doesn’t like sitting in standing water.

4. Fertilizing:

• Lemongrass doesn’t require excessive fertilization. You can use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or compost to provide essential nutrients.
• Apply fertilizer in the spring and again in mid-summer.

5. Pruning:

• To encourage new growth and maintain a neat appearance, prune lemongrass by cutting off dead or damaged leaves.
• Harvesting lemongrass for culinary use can also serve as a form of pruning.

6. Controlling Pests:

• Lemongrass is relatively pest-resistant. However, you may encounter common garden pests like aphids or mealybugs. You can use neem oil or insecticidal soap to control them.

7. Winter Care:

• Cold winters prompt an annual approach to lemongrass cultivation in some regions. However, you can protect it during the winter by:
• Bringing potted lemongrass indoors or to a greenhouse.
• In the ground, you can cover the plant with a thick layer of mulch to insulate it from freezing temperatures.

8. Harvesting:

• You can start harvesting lemongrass when it reaches a suitable size, typically when the stalks are about half an inch thick.
• Harvest by cutting the stalks at the base using a sharp knife or scissors. Avoid taking more than one-third of the plant at a time to ensure continued growth.

9. Propagation:

• Dividing established clumps allows for propagating lemongrass. Dig up the plant, separate the clumps, and replant them in new locations.

What’s lemongrass plant good for?

Lemongrass, scientifically known as Cymbopogon citratus, is a versatile herb that offers a wide range of culinary, medicinal, and practical uses. Here are some of the most common and noteworthy benefits of the lemongrass plant:

1. Culinary Uses:

• Flavoring: Asian chefs infuse dishes like curries, soups, and stir-fries with a distinct lemony punch thanks to lemongrass.
• Aromatics: From flavoring curries to enhancing soups, lemongrass’ versatility as a natural flavoring agent and aromatic herb shines in countless culinary applications.

2. Medicinal Uses:

• Digestive Health: Bloating, gas, and indigestion? Lemongrass might be your culinary hero, known for its potential to ease digestive woes.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Compounds in lemongrass may help reduce inflammation and provide relief for conditions like arthritis.
• Antibacterial and Antifungal: Lemongrass has demonstrated antimicrobial properties, which can help fight off infections.
• Stress and Anxiety Relief: Take a deep breath of relaxation: lemongrass’ aroma is a popular choice in aromatherapy, known to reduce stress and anxiety.
• Cholesterol Control: Some studies suggest that lemongrass may help lower cholesterol levels, supporting heart health.
• Pain Relief: Traditionally, lemongrass act to bring pain relief especially for aching muscles and pounding headaches.

3. Insect Repellent:

• Lemongrass contains citronella, an essential oil known for its strong insect-repelling properties. Lemongrass candles, sprays, and lotions are often kryptonite for mosquitoes and pesky insects.

4. Essential Oil Production:

• From calming massages to fragrant soaps, lemongrass essential oil extract from its leaves and stems, packs a powerful punch in aromatherapy and natural fragrance products.

5. Tea and Infusions:

• Herbal teas and infusions made with lemongrass tantalize taste buds and potentially boost overall health.

6. Flavoring and Scent:

• Perfumes, soaps, and candles – the versatility of lemongrass as a natural fragrance knows no bounds, adding a touch of lemon zest to a variety of products.

7. Ornamental Plant:

• With its graceful form and refreshing scent, lemongrass isn’t just a culinary star, it’s also a popular choice for ornamental gardens.

8. Traditional Medicine:

• Traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine rely on lemongrass for various therapeutic purposes.

Active Compounds

Lemongrass owes its therapeutic powers to a complex blend of bioactive compounds, such as:

1. Citral:

Citral is the primary bioactive compound responsible for the unique lemony scent and flavor of lemongrass. It also possesses several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

2. Citronellal:

This compound boasts insect-repelling properties. Candles, lotions, and sprays often harness its power to deter mosquitoes and other insects.

3. Myrcene:

Myrcene, another essential oil in lemongrass, contributes to its aroma. It also has anti-inflammatory and analgesic (pain-relieving) properties.

4. Geraniol:

Geraniol is a natural antioxidant found in lemongrass, contributing to its potential health benefits. It is known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

5. Limonene:

Limonene is a common terpene found in many citrus fruits, including lemongrass. It has antioxidant properties and is believed to have anti-inflammatory and potential anticancer effects.

6. Linalool:

Linalool is another terpene found in lemongrass. It contributes to the plant’s aroma and is known for its calming and sedative properties. It’s often used in aromatherapy and perfumery.

7. Nerol:

Nerol is an essential oil found in lemongrass that contributes to its aroma. It has been studied for its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

8. Flavonoids:

Lemongrass contains various flavonoids, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds can help protect cells from damage and reduce inflammation in the body.

9. Tannins:

Tannins are polyphenolic compounds that have been found in lemongrass. They may contribute to its astringent taste and have antioxidant properties.

Medicinal Benefits

Lemongrass, with its refreshing aroma and delightful flavor, offers more than just a culinary experience. It’s rich in bioactive compounds that provide numerous potential health benefits, making it a valuable addition to your diet and wellness routine.

1. Antioxidant Properties:

According to a study published in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, lemongrass contains several antioxidants, such as chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, and swertiajaponin. These antioxidants scavenge free radicals in your body that may cause disease. This makes lemongrass a potential ally in protecting your cells from oxidative damage and preventing dysfunction of cells inside your coronary arteries.

2. Antimicrobial Properties:

Lemongrass possesses antimicrobial properties that can be harnessed to treat oral infections and cavities. Research published by the National Institutes of Health has demonstrated that lemongrass essential oil has antimicrobial abilities, effectively countering Streptococcus mutans bacteria, a major contributor to tooth decay. Further research has shown that lemongrass oil, in combination with silver ions, can work effectively against various types of bacteria and fungi in vitro.

3. Anti-Inflammatory Properties:

Inflammation is implicated in numerous health conditions, including heart disease and stroke. The anti-inflammatory benefits of lemongrass are attributed to two key compounds, citral and geranial. These compounds are believed to inhibit the release of inflammation-causing markers in the body, potentially reducing the risk of inflammatory-related diseases.

4. Potential Cancer Risk Reduction:

Lemongrass contains citral, a compound with potent anticancer abilities against some cancer cell lines. Various components of lemongrass help combat cancer either by inducing cell death directly or by enhancing the immune system’s ability to fight cancer. Lemongrass tea is sometimes used as an adjuvant therapy during chemotherapy and radiation, although this should only be done under the guidance of an oncologist.

5. Promotion of Healthy Digestion:

For upset stomach, stomach cramping, and digestive problems, a cup of lemongrass tea can serve as an effective alternative remedy. Research published by the National Institutes of Health demonstrated that lemongrass may also protect against gastric ulcers, potentially countering damage from substances like aspirin and ethanol, which are common causes of gastric ulcers.

6. Diuretic Effect:

Lemongrass is a known diuretic, helping the body eliminate excess fluid and sodium by promoting increased urination. It has demonstrated diuretic activity in animal studies, similar to green tea, without causing organ damage or side effects.

7. Blood Pressure Regulation:

In an observational study, men who drank lemongrass tea experienced a moderate decrease in systolic blood pressure and a mild increase in diastolic blood pressure. This suggests lemongrass may have potential in reducing high systolic blood pressure. However, individuals with heart problems should use lemongrass in moderation to avoid dangerous fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure.

8. Cholesterol Regulation:

High cholesterol levels can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Research has shown that lemongrass oil extract can help lower cholesterol in animals. The extent of cholesterol reduction depends on the dosage, and further studies are needed to determine if lemongrass tea has similar effects.

9. Weight Management:

Lemongrass tea is sometimes used as a detox tea to boost metabolism and aid in weight loss. While most research on lemongrass and weight loss is anecdotal, lemongrass’s natural diuretic properties may help shed some pounds. However, it should not be consumed exclusively, as this can increase the risk of side effects.

10. PMS Symptom Relief:

Lemongrass tea is used as a natural remedy for menstrual cramps, bloating, and hot flashes. Although there isn’t specific research on lemongrass and PMS, its stomach-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties may offer relief. Additionally, lemongrass oil is considered useful in helping to cool the body, as mentioned in an article in the Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research.

Preparing and Using Lemongrass

Preparing and using lemongrass in your culinary endeavors is a delightful way to enjoy its unique flavor and aroma. Lemongrass is commonly used in various Asian dishes, but it can be a versatile addition to your kitchen, adding a refreshing twist to a wide range of recipes. Here’s how to prepare and use lemongrass effectively:

1. Selecting Lemongrass:

When buying lemongrass, look for firm, fresh stalks with a pale green or pale yellow color. Avoid lemongrass with brown or dry tips, as it may be less flavorful.

2. Preparing Lemongrass:

To prepare lemongrass for cooking, follow these steps:

• Trim the root end: Cut off the root end, leaving about half an inch attached.
• Remove the tough outer layers: Peel away the tough, fibrous outer layers, revealing the softer, pale inner layers. You may need to remove 1-2 layers, depending on the thickness of the stalk.
• Cut or bruise: Slice the inner portion of the lemongrass into thin rounds or crush it with the flat side of a knife. This will help release its flavor during cooking.

3. Using Lemongrass:

Lemongrass can be used in various forms:

a. Fresh Lemongrass:

• In Soups and Curries: Add sliced or crushed lemongrass to soups, stews, and curries. It imparts a refreshing citrusy flavor.
• In Marinades: Include lemongrass in marinades for meats, poultry, and seafood to infuse them with its distinct taste.

b. Lemongrass Paste:

• Lemongrass paste is a convenient way to add lemongrass flavor to your dishes without the need for fresh lemongrass. You can find it at many grocery stores or make your own by blending fresh lemongrass with a little water.

c. Lemongrass Essential Oil:

• Lemongrass essential oil is highly concentrated and should be used sparingly. It’s used primarily in aromatherapy, massage, and skincare products.

d. Dried Lemongrass:

• Dried lemongrass can be used to make lemongrass tea or added to spice blends. It has a milder flavor than fresh lemongrass, so you may need to use a bit more for the same intensity.

4. Lemongrass Tea:

To make lemongrass tea, follow these steps:

• Slice fresh lemongrass into thin rounds.
• Boil water and pour it over the lemongrass slices in a teapot or cup.
• Allow it to steep for 5-10 minutes, depending on your desired strength.
• You can add honey or a slice of ginger for extra flavor if desired.

5. Lemongrass in Desserts:

Lemongrass can be used in dessert recipes as well. You can infuse it into ice creams, sorbets, or custards to add a zesty and fragrant note.

6. Experiment and Enjoy:

Get creative with your culinary adventures. Lemongrass pairs well with ingredients like coconut, ginger, garlic, and chili, and it can be a delightful addition to both savory and sweet dishes.

7. Storing Lemongrass:

Store fresh lemongrass in the refrigerator in a plastic bag or airtight container. It can last for a couple of weeks. Alternatively, you can freeze lemongrass for longer-term storage.

Conclusion

Lemongrass is a versatile plant with a rich history of culinary and medicinal use. Its unique combination of active compounds makes it a potent natural remedy for various health issues. By incorporating lemongrass into your lifestyle, you can enjoy its many benefits, from soothing digestive discomfort to reducing stress and anxiety. So, the next time you sip a cup of lemongrass tea or savor a lemongrass-infused dish, know that you’re not only treating your taste buds but also nurturing your health with this incredible plant.

References

Gaba, J., Bhardwaj, G., & Sharma, A. (2020). Lemongrass. Antioxidants in Vegetables and Nuts-Properties and Health Benefits, 75-103.

Nambiar, V. S., & Matela, H. (2012). Potential functions of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) in health and disease. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives, 3(5), 1035-1043.

Mukarram, M., Choudhary, S., Khan, M. A., Poltronieri, P., Khan, M. M. A., Ali, J., … & Shahid, M. (2021). Lemongrass essential oil components with antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Antioxidants, 11(1), 20.