Artificial intelligence is a novel concept which the 21^st century has introduced in our modern lives. It has made lives incredibly easier and more convenient compared to those lived by our predecessors. Artificial intelligence further blurs the once clear-cut boundaries set between humans and machines. More computers and robots are accomplishing tasks which were once thought to be purely humanly in nature. However, the use of artificial intelligence raises important ethical and moral concerns.

Debating whether artificial intelligence (AI) can replace human intelligence is a complex and multifaceted topic. It involves examining the capabilities, limitations, and ethical implications of AI technology. Here are arguments from both perspectives:

AI Cannot Replace Human Intelligence:

a. Creativity and Innovation: Human intelligence is characterized by creativity, imagination, and the ability to think outside the box. AI, as advanced as it may become, relies on algorithms and pre-existing data, limiting its capacity to truly innovate or create art in the same way humans can.
b. Emotional Intelligence: Understanding and empathizing with others’ emotions are crucial aspects of human intelligence. While AI can simulate emotions to some extent, it lacks genuine emotions and the intuition required for complex social interactions.
c. Ethical Decision-making: AI operates based on programmed rules and data, lacking a sense of morality and ethical reasoning. Humans are capable of ethical judgments and can consider broader societal implications before making decisions.

AI Can Replace Human Intelligence:

a. Efficiency and Accuracy: AI excels at processing vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, outperforming humans in tasks like data analysis, pattern recognition, and complex calculations.
b. Repetitive Tasks: AI can take over monotonous and repetitive tasks, freeing humans to focus on more complex and creative endeavors.
c. Learning and Adaptation: Machine learning algorithms allow AI systems to learn from data and adapt to new situations, potentially surpassing human capabilities in certain specific domains. d. Safety and Exploration: AI can be used in hazardous environments, space exploration, or disaster response, reducing risks to human life.

The Complementary Approach:

a. Augmentation, not Replacement: Rather than replacing human intelligence, AI can augment human capabilities. By working together, humans and AI can achieve better results in various fields.
b. Ethical Considerations: We must carefully consider the ethical implications of AI development and usage. Ensuring that AI serves humanity’s best interests and is programmed with ethical principles is essential.
c. Job Displacement: While AI can lead to the automation of certain jobs, it can also create new roles and opportunities. We should focus on upskilling and retraining the workforce to adapt to a changing job market.

In several situations, the use of AI might even harm human life. As an example, self-driving vehicles may be touted as the future of the vehicle industry. However, there are important aspects which may need to be addressed before these enter commercial production. If a person who is riding a self-driving vehicle suffers from ischemic heart disease, and he starts feeling chest discomfort, he may need to be rushed to a nearby hospital for evaluation and management of his cardiac condition. Such patients also need to be pacified and may want to communicate with a real human before any treatment is initiated at a hospital.

Similar is the case of an asthmatic or a pediatric patient. Patients suffering from asthma often hyperventilate and are in severe panic and agitation at the time the asthmatic attack ensues. They need urgent attention of a friendly human being. They may also experience worsening of their health condition in unfamiliar surroundings which a self-driving vehicle offers. The urgency of such situations can hardly be overestimated. In all such cases, an all-or-none moral approach may not be feasible. Rather, each situation may need to be assessed on a case-to-case basis. Instead of a categorical viewpoint, a consequential approach may be beneficial which may argue for a limited involvement of AI in human life, and only in such situations where there is negligible potential for harm.

In conclusion, it is unlikely that AI will completely replace human intelligence. Human cognition is uniquely diverse, encompassing emotions, ethics, creativity, and adaptability, which are challenging for AI to replicate fully. Instead, AI is a powerful tool that can complement human intelligence, leading to more efficient problem-solving, increased productivity, and improved decision-making when used responsibly and ethically. The key is to strike a balance between harnessing the potential of AI and preserving the invaluable traits of human intelligence.

References
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Jiang, Y., Li, X., Luo, H., Yin, S., & Kaynak, O. (2022). Quo vadis artificial intelligence?. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 2(1), 4.
Zhang, B., Zhu, J., & Su, H. (2023). Toward the third generation artificial intelligence. Science China Information Sciences, 66(2), 121101.